Acid reflux is when there is the backflow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus. This can irritate the esophagus and other areas which gastric acid comes into contact with, such as the throat. TSymptoms such as heartburn, a hoarse voice and a sour taste in the mouth may result. Stomach acid can escape if the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) is weak, if there is excess acid production, or if there is reduced gastric emptying. Acid reflux can be exacerbated by eating, bending over or lying down.
Symptoms such as heartburn can last from minutes to several hours. Mild heartburn after eating acidic or spicy food usually goes away when the food has been digested. Symptoms can return some hours after they first appeared if you lie down or bend over. In pregnancy, heartburn may last longer. The severity of the heartburn does not indicate if there is lasting damage or not. Damage usually comes from more chronic, recurring acid reflux.
Heartburn is a very common condition with around 20% of Americans experiencing heartburn once a week. While occasional heartburn is not dangerous, if heartburn occurs more than twice a week, or if you have to take antacids daily, you should speak to a doctor. You may have gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), which can cause lasting damage and long-term complications when left untreated.
Yes, absolutely. This applies to both chronic reflux and emergency situations.
If you suspect you have GERD, please speak to your doctor. Untreated GERD can lead to serious complications including:
If you have symptoms that make you suspect something more serious is going on, you should visit your local emergency department. Symptoms which may indicate a more serious condition include:
Additional concerning symptoms include:.
You should call 911 if you experience dark stools or dark vomit, as this may indicate a bleeding ulcer.
Occasional reflux is unlikely to be a problem and can usually be treated with lifestyle changes or over the counter medications. However, chronic reflux can harm your body and cause serious complications if untreated. If you have acute or unusually severe symptoms, or a sudden change in your symptoms, seek immediate medical attention as this may indicate a more serious underlying condition.
Reviewed by Dr Roy Kedem, MD
Information last reviewed 07/12/21